Abrading machine



March22, 1932.l A. B. FowLl-:R

l ABRADING MACHINE Filed April l0, 1925 4 Sheets-SheetV f @M/wf@ VEN TUR :wwmm .www @A nbr, ....N NEE@ March 22, 1932. A. B. FowLl-:R

ABRADING MACHINE Filed April 10, 1925 4 Sheets-sheet 2 March 22, 1932. A. B. FowLl-:R

'ABRADING MACHINE Filed April l0, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Mmh 22, 1932. A, B FOWLER 1,850,098 l ABRADING MACHINE Filed April 1o 1925 4 sheets-sheet 4 Patented Mar.- 22,1932

UNirEJDi jseiams ALFRED B; owiinn; `or BEVERLY;MASSACHUSETTS, AssIGNoR fro "UNITED I suon cHmEnY'conPonA'rroN; ,ori rArERsoiv, NEW JERSEY, A oonroRAzrIoNjoEinEW JERSEYA YYApplicatie171ineaapen 10,1925,4 -skeriai noljearagfi.;

This :invention frelatesvto ,'abrading ma* ehines and is rherein illustrated,'asembodied in a, machine designedxfor vgrinding.'blades of rotary cutters adapted vvfor liuseeinwheeltrimming"mach1nes, .although 11n various aspects the invention is not limited t0-fem-r bodiment in abrading ymachines of tthejfillusytrated type vor 'to use inl grindingiheel-itrimming cutters, `butl may kbe -embodied Min, analogous orvanizationsIandsfbe .useful ffor v Q i similar abrading operations.

Rotary cutters of the typefeustomarilyfeniployed in machines 'fortrimming' the fperiph-v )eriesof heels'are each provided Withfa plui 'rality of longitudinally .'.fcurved blades iha-ving surface and cuttingj'ed-'ge proiilesjde'- termined by the heel #contours it V:issdesired to produce; In orderlthat such @cutters shall 4perform 'l trimming vop erations iproperly', ,fit z is 'essentialthat allthe bladesso'fiagivenicutter be ground so that ltheir:cutting .zjedgesj shall have exactly the same l'bevel :and sprole.

Prior to' theY invention disclosed rand claimed in Vmy vco-pending application, *Seri-al iNo.

i" l 22,143, filed April r10, 1925,.'Whihhas'become was necessary that 'the :bladesfof such cutters 'be removed 3from f the cutter :heads .forrgrindingand presented:individuallyto the grindfing-element, l Thisfinvolved :the laborious op eration sV of' disassembling fthel cutter heads to Vremovethe" blades for grinding: and y.reas- `eemhling the cutter headsand blades i.after the grinding. fWhenthef presentatinlofthe blades to the' grinding elementfvvas, controlled manually it depended entirely nponithe skill of the Worlmanto se'curethe` desired rprofile loi tliecuttingedgeasj-Well as itsibeveln '.Not' 4^ lo'nly Was'this a slow-operation.'bntfevenian e expert Who was able to grind, one 4suchfbla'de with fair accuracy f by'` manual i control foould not grind a companionbladeflikel'thelirst one. This diilicnlty was furthercomplicated by theV wide variation in surface and' cutting v-vvhen fixtures, @providing :grinding litemplets.

:directionfof the 1 axes of. #curvature iof the blades, withoutremovingithemfromzthe:cut- `ter head. Y

' .HEADING iyrAoHiifmY quired ifor "operation on Louis heels. iEYen were employed, there was Yno ,certainiwayrfor at least 'diiiieult cto 1 :reposition' fthe blades provided ,--forY fthe first-t-ti1ne rotary cutter of the type under consideration which Wasi 4organized ftofrnake fit practicablestoi'grind t .longitudinallycurved cutting blades,fhaving v *their icutting edgesJ-:onf theconcave surfaces of L:the blades; and extendingfin athe general ^With^zthe` foregoing considerations" ini mind,

4the present*` invention hasi'for i an :object i' the Aprovision Iof ,an improved f abradingfmachine for 'operating yon fiourved 4bladesfh'aving etheir curvedboth laterally and longitudinallyand` Whose fcuttingedges may vary 'fromarstraightV .proliiefto ,an'ogeescurve profile such-asisile- 0theoperatorio'determinezthe amountsfground yaWayfErom-v the va-riousrblades, with `thefresult that'the ,blades'vvereliableatozbe reduced to funequal lengths, yand yin consequence f: it `was cutting' edges :extending inztlier generaldirecdetermined "profile .and predetermined 5iuni-v formfedgefbevel. f` To the accomplishment of this f. object, 'lathe invention .'provides: a `no velv abra ding 4:machine comprising an abradingf element, a slide bar,

,a Work yholder snpporte'dfby f the slidebar 'fork traversing vmovement,therewith,vmeans Ito feed the holder fbo'dilytoward the Jabrading t element at lthe end ofeach traversing :move- Vf'rnent yof `the 'slide fbar, means`A aetuatedby the o y traversing movement forirockingfzthe:holder i Vtovvard and 'away 'from the: abrading f' element 'toimpartf a predetermined shapetoith'evvork,

and'vyielding meansv ten'ding-,toiroclr theiholder l? 'tion `of the axes ,of ycurvature -of '.thergblad'es, y r Which machine will' bev7 adapted toireeeive: and- I present,1to zanf abrading element,= cutters :ofi the -type disclosed inftheiapplication ire'ferred ato, `i'n'asseinbled condition, andzto operate 'onthe .bladesmounted vin the shead of ztliefcutterf: in v'suchafmanner that .all of the .blades'fwillbe `reduced to ya 'uniformrlength Yand .have sirn` r'-partedio thenrcutting .edges ofthesamepretoward the abrading element. In the illustrated organization, a templet mechanism is shown as the means for controlling the rocking movement of the work holder to effect a relative movement of approach and` recession between the blade and the abrading element as the slide bar and worlr holder reciprocate to carry the blade along the abrading element, so that a predetermined shape will be imparted to the work. f f i A further feature of the invention consists in the provision, in a machine for operating upon the blades of an'assembled rotary cutter head, of a table, a rotary abrading element mounted upon the table, a carriage amounted upon the` table for movement at right angles .to the axis ofthe abrading element, bearingsmounted within the'carriage, a slide bar extending through .the bearings,

va yoke mounted at one extremity of the slide bar, a work holder mounted at one end of the yoke, and a follower :roll mounted at the opposite end of the yoke for engagement with a templet carried byfthe carriage. vPrefer'- v axis of curvature, across the face of thefabrad- Ving element.

'rco

ably, and in the illustrated construction, the

work holder is pivoted, the means for engag-V ingr the templet being located upon one Vside of the axis of this pivot and the abrading element being located on the opposite side of the axis.

Another .andV important feature of the invention consists in the provision, in an abradingmachine, of an abrading element, a work holder constructed andarranged to present @an end of a longitudinally arcuate cutter -blade to the abrading element to form on the concave surface of the blade a cutting edge and a pivot about which the holdermay swing to bring the end of the bladev into contact with theabrading element, the pivot bebevel may be adjustably predetermined andV the swinging of the' work holder carrying the bladesof an assembled rotary cutter is.

preferably combined Vwith movement of each blade, in the general direction of its ThisV arrangement produces identically the same cutting edge voniV each blade, at equal distances from the axis ofirotaA` `tion of the assembled cutter head, "with the cutting edges extending in the general direction of thevaxes ofcurvature of the blades,` and' with the edges having Vuniform predeter- Vmined bevels, irrespective-of the'fproiileor contour ofthe edges. e v. Y

In `order to present the end of the longitudivnally.V arcuate cutter blade to the abrading l element to form a cutting edge on the concave surface of the blade, and produce the effective cutting edge shown in the co-pending application referred to above, the pivot of the work holder is positioned to present the convex side of the blade to the abrading elementyalthough the invention is not limited to such a construction. Y

Further features of theinvention, the scope of whichA may bedetermined from the appended claims, are more fully described in the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. l is a `front elevational view of the grinding machine constructed in accordance with the-present invention and shows the cutter head, with the companion blades mountied therein, inserted in the machine as' a unit;

Fig. 2is` a top plan view of the mechanism shown in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is aview'in side elevation of the mechanism; y

Fig. 4. is a detail view showing the construction and arrangement of parts of the cutter head in assembled form;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 4. Y

Fig. 6 is a detail view in perspective showing the mounting of the work holder; and Fig. is a detail view in perspective with Certain parts-broken away to show more clearly the feeding mechanism.

As, shown in the drawings, a table 12 is mounted upon the upper extremity of a supporting column and a driving motor le,

mounted on thetable, is provided with an elongated armature shaft carrying at one end a main grinding wheel 16, and Aat the opposite end an `auxiliary grinding wheel 18. Slidably mounted .for movement toward and away from this table and connected in supporting engagement therewith-by means of a rollerriding in a bracket 22 and a guideway 24 into which is inserted a supporting slide rod 26, is a Vfeed carriage 2S for moving the work toward the grinding wheel to position it for the grinding operation and to Y advancethe work as it is ground away. This carriage 28 is constructed in the form of a twosection housing or casing and serves to support various operating lparts. and has' mountedwithin it, on bearings 30, a slide bar 32. The slide `bar isV mounted for reciprocating movement in a pathat right angles to the direction of motion `of the carriage,and longt'udinally of the table, and the extent of lreciprocation is controlled by means of a pin i, carried vbythe slide Vbar for movement in a path defined by the slot 36 formed on the side of the carriage. -Mounted at opposite ends ofthe bar 32 are a handle 38 for operating the slide bar 32 and an upwardly extending curved. supporting arm 40. This arm carries at its-lower extremity, a handle oi' lever 42 which may be used alternatively or in addition to the handle 38, and at its upper extremity, ia hollow, cylindrical bearingimenri-V yber 44 having fitted therein a pivot baror'pin 46. The opposite ends -of the n pivot bar lextendbeyond the opposite ends ofthe bearing` element 44 and pivotally; carry thereonfthe" arms of a depending yoke-,shaped work car-V rier-or holder 50. The body portion152`of the holder has a guideway 54 extending longitudinally therethrough and isl formedy at one end with a circularshaped fiat seat 56 against which is adaptedv to be supported the flange 58 of a rotarycutter- 60, the bladesfof which are to be ground. i i The illustrated rotary cutter,which is organized as set forth inamy above-mentioned application, is Vof a typel in'which a plurality of blades, 'commonly known `as `companion blades, are mountedfor use inl performing a trimming operation upon theside walls .of an unfinished heel, and the cutter is characy 4terized bythe fact that it is designed to be removed from the heel-trimming machine as a unit and inserted intothe abrading machine while in its assembled condition for o'aerationy upon each of theV blades mounted therein. Thehead is composed of the flange 58 (Fig. 4)u fixedly mounted on a central shaft 62, and a plurality of disks .f 64, 66 formed with grooves in their opposite interior faces to receive thev opposite side. edges of cutting blades 68 and to apply clamping pressure to the bladesby means lofa nut 70 which may be tightened to cause relative approach betweenthe clamping disks 64, 66. In order :that each of the blades mounted within thev head shall do its sharel ofthe heel trimming work properly, it is essential that all, the blades be ground so that they project outwardly from the head byan equal amount and to this end the peripheral face ofthe iiange 58 is pierced by a cylindrical bore57 (Fig. 5) Vin-which is mounted a worm 59v for engagement with a'worm'gear formed von a collarV member 63. This collar member63 .carries a y,washer IiXedly mounted thereon and V`from; this'washer there proj ect diametrically positioned stop abutmentsq lwhichengage notches 67 formed in. one'of the side [edges i 1 of each of the blades-6 8. Bythisy arrange-f ment ofparts it is apparent thatpriorto the grinding operationathe operativeimay, by

turning'the worm 59, advance'the abutments 65 circumferentially and therebyjadvancethe blades coincidentally vandi'coextensively, and

byrvmechanism to bepresently explained :the Y Y abradingmachine is adaptedtogoperate upon the advanced `blades to reduce them to'an` equal length so thatlthey vwill remain project;

Ying outwardlyi'ffr'om Lthe cutter head equal f' distances, as required for the proper performf ance ofthe heel-trimingoperation. n

In mounting the rotary cutter'hea'din opge erative position-withinthegrinding machine that portion of the central shaft extendinglon 'F55' theside ofthe flange E5K8 opposite :the blade Y that withifthe pin in either of the: depressions 7 4 one ofthe blades will be inV proximity to the grinding element and in a position to, be operated V'upon'.l When-'the grinding operation is completed on a first blade the other blade maybe moved into the exact: position occupied 'by 'the first blade merely by looseningthefthumb screw '76, ro-tating the head 180"Y and` engaging the pin 72..'with the^depression4 vopposite` the one `:engaged by the pin during-the grindingoperation on the first blade;y A5 herein illustrated only two blades are mountedintlie'cutter head and consequently only two pinandnotch engagements are necessary.-V However, without in any way departing `from the scope of the invention the numberKV of interengaging Vparts between the cut-'terhead andthe work holder may bevaried to ymeet. the requirements called" for Vby varying the number of knives or" blades mounted within the head. Y'

rFrom sowmuchA of-the 'description as has been givenitis clear that since the cutter head is indirectly carried "by the-.slide bar82,

late on. thepivot bar=46,z it will be readily understood that if mechanism'is provided for controlling the 4oscillationof `the carriage org profile;Forfthefpurposeof controlling `this-;os`cil'latory motion.- the vfollowing arrangement ofpartsfis provided. i Upwardly insertionnto the holder' 82 and is held theretive Louter edge of the templet 84 acts to controltheos'c'illation of the carrier by co-operat-l Y with av follower roll 88 `mounted on a7 .L rcurlved varm 90,`which arm is adjustably sup- 1,25 rporltedxon a -projectionf92- offtheyoke-shaped work hol'derf` 52.y fi As shown` in Figs. 3 yand f 6 during its longitudinal movement acrossthe facer of the-grindingelemenu the abrading operation will impart tothe blades a cutting Y edge having' a...predetermined edge Contour f 1.-;,1151 i" proje'ctingears 7 8 extendzintegrajlly fromfthe feed'carriage'28 and by means of 'screws and ,slots 8()ladjustably'support al templet frame orholder 82. A'templet 84 is vadapted forV -12o in, by means of a binding nut 86. The effec l aicyl'indrical projection `48formed on the arm i '.40 carries a 'resilientlyi mounted plunger L94 f which 'lis arranged `toengage the 4cutter head alsof y YcarrierV .50 Aand .tends Inormallyto .swing the work holder .toward 4the .left from 'the positien .shown in Fig. By virtue of 'such an arrangement, the vroll S88 is .held in` yielding engagementwith the templet `84. Asi the work carrier is moved relatively to the face o-f the grinding :element 'by the operatives manipulation of the handle .'88, the carrier 50 willbe rocked about the Vpivot bar 46 .to swing the work towards or .away from the grinding wheel y16, owing :tdtheroll 88 riding across the irregular surface of the templet 84. By formlinrrrV the teinplet with a predetermined edge contour `it vis therefore possible kto control the :movement of the cutter head carrier toward and Aaway from the grindingelement during its movement across 'the face of the grindingfelement to impart a desired edge curvature to the blade during the grinding operation.. The 4cutter head 60 is soV mounted in the carrier 50 thatthe axis of curvature of `the blade 68 being ground coincides with the .axis foffoscillation of ythe carrier 50.` Thus.l as the blade travels .across the grinding wheel 16, and is `swung Vabout the pivot 46 byV thetemplet-84, auniform bevel is given to all portions of the width of the cutting edge of the blade although these portions vary in length because Vof thecontour ofthe cutting edge. y Y

Ify 't is desired to change the bevel of the cutting edge of .the blade, it may be made nearer a right angle by moving the feed car-V .riage 28 (as will later be describedjto bring the axis of oscillation 46 nearer to the grindingv wheel or it may be made more acute VVby movement of thejr carriage away from the wheel. To compensate. for such changed position of the axis of oscillation, the work carrier 50 may be adjusted to bring the blade 68 just into contactwith the grinding wheel 16 Vby adjusting the curved Varm 90, which carries the follower roll 88,up or down inthe guideway on the projection 92 of the'carrier V50v and then clamping it in adjusted position by the clamping screw 96.

vTo provide for feeding the work toward Vthe grinding wheel to facilitate properly positioning the'worl: prior to commencement of the grinding operation and to advance the "work toward the grinding element as the cutY .ting .edge is ground away during `the abrading operation, the mechanism now tobe clescribed is provided. A screw threaded shaft.A

98 extends through the feed carriage 28 and is held against lengthwise movement relative to the carriage by means of collars 100, 102. At the extremity of the shaft opposite the feed carriage, hand-operatingV -mechanism is mounted. This mechanism comprises anQoperating-crank or lever 104 -fi'xedly supported onV an upright shaft 1 06, the shaft 106 being mountedin a bearingl member 108, Fig. 7', and carrying at its lower extremitya worm 110. The worm 110 enmenaces gages aworm gear 112 'formed integrally with an 'interiorly screw threaded sleeve 114,

the sleeve being mounted within and supported by a bearing .116 and held against lengthwise movement within the bearing by means `of the worm gear 112 and nuts 118.

be `communicated to the interiorly screw threaded` .sleeve 114, -causing it to rotate, whereby `lengthwise movement of the shaft V981thrugh the sleeve will be effected. Since the feed carriage is mounted on the shaft 98 and is held against lengthwise movement relatively to the shaft, it is plain that anyi endwise movement imparted to the shaft by operation of the handle 104 will be directly `communicated to the carriage 28 to cause movement of the carrier laterally across the table. invention., the pitch of the threads on the shaft 98 is small to prevent th-e operative from feeding the blade into the grinding element in such a Vfast 'manner as might possibly injure theA cutting edge. For automatically effecting feeding movement of the blade toward the grinding element, `the collar 100 which is iiXedly secured to the shaft is provided on its under side with a pin 120 (Figs. 2 and 7) to which one end of a spring 122 is attached; the other end of the spring being secured to a pin 124 projecting from the carriage of the machine. This spring tends to rotate the shaft in a clockwise direction when viewed from the front end as shown in Fig. 1. The shaft is held from rotation by engagement between the pin 120 and a fixed pin 126 projecting from the rea-r face of the carriage 28. The shaft 98 projects through and beyond the feed carriage and actuating mechanism 128 is mounted on the projection of the shaft, and is held by the collar 102. This actuating mechanism comprises a notched wheel or ratchet 130 lixedly secured to the shaft` 98by means of a screw 132. A guardv or feed controlling ,device 134 -is mountedV on the shaft adjacent the wheel 130 and is provided witlian angled portion 136 bent rearwardly to provide an effective area for covering a part of the notched edge of the wheel 130. A slot 138 and a screw 140-provide means to adjust the guard for varying the edge part of the wheel covered thereby. Loosely mounted on the shaft 98 between the collar 102 and the guard 134 is a reciprocating lever V eating slide bar 32 for movement inthe slot 36, allV as hereinbefore explained. A. spring 148, extending between'av pinf150 mounted non'thefront side -of the carrier and a pin 152 mountedon the upward extension 144 of In the illustrated embodiment of the ics iio

Peril 155 th" w *redress* or tree the vided Whose upper portion l174 is adapted to be pimgdebpupehe blefrmfnd rp be hele-il Y in: en uncover@ ,psitienbyfmeene idf-"thai eotionQOLof the'rn -190 icarrils" an ad; .Listing Screw e. This adjusting screw corrtrol's'ihe position'V of Achef dressrgstbl" 111 L plane disposed at right Singles- Vto the centred*v mi I claim' as newfand desire to secure bylet "-545 here ParererfthefUnifedseeeeeier1 f about an axis, the radius of oscillation being the reciprocating movement.

2. Inka grinding machine, an abrading element, a slide bar, a work holder-supported by .the slide bar for traversing movement therewith, means to feed the holder bodily toward the labrading element at the end of Athe traversing movement of the slide bar,l

means 'actuated bythe traversing movement y for rocking the holder toward and away from the abrading-elements to impart a predeterminedshape to the work, and yielding means tending to rock the holder towards the abrading; element.

, .3. In a grinding machine, a grinding element, a slide bar mounted for reciprocation a work holder mounted on the reciprocable slide bar for rocking movement toward and away from the grinding element and for traversing movement along the grinding element, means to Yfeed the holder bodily torward and away fromthe grinding element, and means dependent upon reciprocation of said slide bar for controlling the rocking movement of the carriage to impart a predeterminedV shape to the work, said latter,

named means comprising a templet mechanism. e y

4. In a machine for grinding the blades of an assembled rotary cutter head, a table, a rotary, abrading element mounted upon said table, a carriage -mounted upon said table for movement in a direction at right angles to the axis of the brading element, bearings mounted within saidcarriage, a slidebar extending through-said bearings, a yoke mounted at one extremity of said slide bar, a work holder mounted at one end of said yoke, and a follower roll mounted at the opposite end of said yoke for engagement with a templet carried by said carriage,

5. An abrading machine for operating upon the blades of an assembled rotary cutter head comprising an abrading element, ya slide bar mounted for reciprocation relatively to said abrading'` element, an arm formed at one extremity of saidslide bar, aV

bearing carried by said arm, a yoke pivotally connected to said bearing, a work holder secured to one end of said` yoke, and a follower roll secured to the opposite end of said yoke for engagement with a templet mechamsm. j n

6. In a machine for operating upon the blades of an assembled rotary cutter head, an abrading element, a reciprocableslide bar, a yoke carried by said slide bar, a work holder pivotally secured to said yoke fortraversing movement with said vslideyibia'rrelatively rt'o the abrading element,'and means'carri'ed-by ,said yoke Vfor engagement with a templet defvice to impart swinging movement to said l work holder depending upon said reci'procation of said slide bar, said templet engaging means being located upon one Vside of the axis olf pivot of the work holder, and said abrading element being located upon the opposite side thereof.

7. In an abrading machine, an abrading element, a work holder constructed'and arranged to present an end of a longitudinally arcuate 4cutter blade to the abrading element to form on the concave surface of the blade a cutting edge, and ya pvot about which the' ranged to present an arcuate cutter blade to the abrading element, said element and holder being relatively movable, means for guiding one vof said parts to effect relative movement in the general direction of the axis of, curvature ofthe blade to form a cutting edge, additionalguiding means for effecting a4 relativeY movement of approach and recession between the blade and abrading element to give a predetermined profile to the cutting edge, and a pivot, coaxial withV the axis of curvature, of the bla-de, about which the latter movement takes place, whereby said latter movement Vgives to the blade a uniform bevel throughout the prole'of the cutting edge..

9. In an abrading machine, an abrading element, a Work holder constructed and arranged to present an arcuate cutter blade to the abrading element, said element and holderebeing relatively movable, means for guiding one of said parts'to effect relative movement inthe general direction ofthe axis of curvature of the blade to'form a cutting edge, additional guiding means for effecting a relative movement of approach and recession between the blade and abradinglelement to give a predetermined profile to the cutting edge, a pivot, coaxial with the axis of curva-l ture of the blade, about which the latter movement takes place,fwhereby said latter movement gives to the blade a uniform bevel throughout the `profile ofthe cutting edge, and means for adjustably vpositioning the pivot relatively to the abrading element to give to the edge an adj ustably predetermined bevel. v

f 10. In anabrading machine, an abrading element,awork holder adapted to receive as` a unit an assembled rotary cutter having aruate cutter blades, said holder andelement being relatively movable, means for guiding one of said parts t effect relative movement in the general direction of the axis of Curva- Y ture of the blade, to carry each blade in turn across a face of the abrading element to form y a. cutting edge, a pivot about which the holder may swing toward and from theV abrading element, means to move the holder about the pivot, said pivot being ,substantially coaxial with the axis of eurvature'of the arcuate blade being operated upon,to give a uniform bevel In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification. Y ALFRED "B. FOWLER.

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